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THE FAIR JOURNAL                                         November 2001
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        The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research
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   Apologetics: The branch of theology that is concerned with
   defending or proving the truth of Christian doctrines. (The
   American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
   Edition, 2000.)


INSIDE THE JOURNAL
   * THEY LIE IN WAIT TO DECEIVE. This insightful four-volume set
     written by Robert and Rosemary Brown is a "must read" for all LDS
     apologists. The books are now being put up on the FAIR Web site
     and are distributed exclusively through FAIR. Many thanks to the
     Browns and our friends at ISPART/FARMS.

   * BOOMARANG HITS ON THE BOOK OF MORMON. Matt Roper's discussion of
     the anti-Mormon hits on the Book of Mormon that are evidences of
     its truthfulness. Given at the FAIR apologetics conference.

   * CHRISTMAS SALE AT THE FAIR BOOKSTORE. All shipping costs are
     waived through Christmas.

   * DO LATTER-DAY SAINTS BELIEVE JESUS AND SATAN ARE BROTHERS?
     Michael Hickenbotham’s insightful article on this common topic.

   * IS MORMONISM A CULT? Explore this common complaint with Kim
     Siever.

   * ARTICLE SUBMISSIONS. Interested in writing for FAIR? Learn how
     you can have your apologetics work published.

   * PUBLISHING NOTES. Learn how you can become more involved in FAIR
     and how you can reuse the material we publish.


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THEY LIE IN WAIT TO DECIEVE

In early 1980 Robert L. Brown noticed that there was quite a bit of
anti-Mormon activity occurring in his community. He thought it was odd
that people could make a living as professional anti-Mormons and
prosper by finding fault with the LDS faith. Rather than take things
lying down, Brother Brown decided to investigate the claims being made
by these naysayers, as well as to check out their credentials and
backgrounds. His research is documented in four volumes, collectively
entitled They Lie In Wait to Deceive.

These volumes shine a bright light into the corners that anti-Mormons
would rather leave in the dark. You learn how these individuals work
to obstruct and distort the truth. Robert and Rosemary Brown even
reproduce their source documents so you don't have to take only their
word for what they uncover.

-Allen Wyatt
 FAIR Senior Editor and Webmaster


These books are certainly a "must read" for anyone involved in the
study of anti-Mormonism. It will give you new insights into the lack
of credibility and lack of honesty of the people involved. I believe
if more evangelical Christians would look at the evidence presented in
these books, we would have a lot less anti Mormon books in the
Christian bookstores. FAIR would like to thank the Browns and our
friends at ISPART/FARMS for making FAIR the exclusive distributor of
these four volumes. The books are being converted into electronic
format on the FAIR Web site, and are available for sale at the FAIR
bookstore.

-Scott Gordon, President
 Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research

You can find more information on They Lie In Wait to Deceive (and
download Volume 1 for free) at this address:

     http://www.fairlds.org/Lie_in_Wait_to_Deceive/


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BOOMARANG HITS ON THE BOOK OF MORMON

Matt Roper gave an exciting talk at the FAIR conference this past
August. Here are some of the notes from that conference. These notes
do not contain everything that Brother Roper talked about or fully
explore the topic as he did. But they are given here to give you a
brief idea of the topic.

Brother Roper explained that there are elements found in the book of
Mormon text that in the past sent critics into laughter, but when
reexamined today can be seen in a whole new light. In his talk he
explored the difference between evidence and proof. He said,

   "Evidence tends to support a position or claim, while proof is
   usually something that is already established that is accepted
   without question. Frequently proof only occurs at the personal
   level and tends to be a judgment, which one makes when the person
   becomes convinced that the sum of the evidence when taken together
   is persuasive enough to accept a proposition as established truth."

He further stated, "People may agree on the validity of the evidence
but continue to disagree on what the sum of that evidence means."

Here are the items that he considers the boomerang hits on the Book of
Mormon.

  1. THE LAND OF JERUSALEM. Critics attacked this as early as 1838.
     They stated that there is no such land. But then tablets dating
     1400 BC were found in 1887 where the name of the land appears
     five times. It was also appeared in the Jeremiah Dead Sea Scrolls
     tablet.

  2. SWORD OF PRECIOUS STEEL. In 1920 a critic wrote that steel was
     not known to man in those days. But now we know that a form of
     steel was well known to the near-eastern communities. Now several
     "steel" items have been found. One carbonized iron sword found is
     a meter long and dates back to the time of king Josiah, a
     contemporary of Lehi.

  3. REFORMED EGYPTIAN. From 1834 to current times critics have
     scoffed that Lehi, a Hebrew would write in Egyptian script.
     Gerald and Sandra Tanner state that faithful Jews certainly would
     not want their scriptures written in that language. But
     unfortunately for the critics there are many examples of this.
     (John Gee spoke extensively on this topic at the FAIR
     conference). Items have been found written in Egyptian where the
     underlying language is a northwest Semitic tongue. Hebrew and
     Aramaic text have been found that were written in Egyptian
     characters that date to Lehi's time. One of these items is
     Papyrus Amhurst 63, discovered in the second half of the 19th
     century. In 1944 it was discovered that while the script was
     Egyptian the underlying language was Aramaic. The translation
     turned out to be Psalms 20:2-6. This isn't the only example; in
     1965 and in 1970 several more examples were found that co-mingled
     Hebrew and Egyptian. There is evidence that the scribes of the
     day were trained in both scripts.

  4. HOUSES OF CEMENT. One critic told Heber J. Grant, "There has
     never been found, and there never would be found a house built of
     cement by the inhabitants of this country. That should be enough
     to make anyone not believe in the book." Now cement technology in
     pre-Hispanic America is a well-established archeological fact. It
     paralleled that of the Greeks and Romans during the same period.
     It shows signs of remarkable skill and sophistication.

  5. BOOK OF MORMON NAMES. There are many examples of critics making
     fun of the names. One critic went so far as to check with William
     F. Albright, a scholar from Johns Hopkins University. The critic
     described him as someone who is "renowned in ancient Semitic
     studies." Dr. Albright explained that he was Protestant and
     therefore not a believer in the Book of Mormon. He also expressed
     doubts that Joseph Smith could have learned Egyptian from any
     19th century sources. He said that it is surprising that two
     Egyptian names, "Paanchi" and "Pahoran" appear in the book of
     Mormon in close connection with the reference of the original
     language being reformed Egyptian. He thought that Joseph Smith
     must be some kind of "religious genius."

     Walter Martin made great fun of the name "Alma" as it appears in
     the book of Mormon. He suggested it had the meanings of betrothed
     virgin, or maiden. Alma is a woman's name meaning lass, virgin,
     young woman. It would be much like "A boy named Sue." But in 1960
     an Israeli archeologist translated the name on a discovered land
     deed as "Alma, son of Judah." Additional research shows that the
     name Alma shows up on items dated back to 2200 BC. Other names
     such as Josh and Sam were criticized, but they have been found as
     well as Sariah, Aha, Ammoniha, and many others. The striking
     thing about these names is that they don't just turn up in the
     ancient near-east, but they also turn up in the right time
     period.

     Some of these names were only discovered in the past 10 years and
     would have been unknown to Joseph Smith. The Hebrew root for the
     word Jershon from Alma 27 means "to inherit." The word Shiblom in
     Alma 11:16 was originally written as Shilom on the Joseph Smith
     manuscript. It was then changed on the printer's manuscript to
     Shiblom. Shilom has the meaning in Hebrew of "retribution, fee,
     recompense, or reward." This would make sense given that the
     discussion is about monetary units.

     "Nahom" is another interesting one. Not only is the site there as
     talked about by S. Kent Brown in his presentation, but the term
     is interesting as well. The Hebrew root of the word means "to
     comfort, to console, to succor, emotional pain or mourning for
     the dead." All references to Nahom apply to death. Of course,
     Ishmael was buried at the place "which was called Nahom."

     Another interesting one occurs in Mosiah 9:9 where it says, "And
     we began to till the ground, yea, even with all manner of seeds,
     with seeds of corn, and of wheat, and of barley, and with neas,
     and with sheum...". Sheum may be unfamiliar to us, but it is a
     perfectly good ancient Mesopotamian name for grain. It is
     principally used for barley but other grains as well. Could
     Joseph Smith have derived this name from another source? It would
     be a trick. The language the word came from couldn't be read
     until 1857, 13 years after Joseph was dead. How did he come up
     with the name and use it in the correct agricultural context?

  6. In 1910 Charles Shook wrote about Barley. "Where's the proof?" he
     asked. Barley was not to be found when Americans came. Not a
     vestige of barley has ever been found. All respected scholarship
     says that barley is only a modern new world crop. There was no
     barley in the new world.

     However, recently several specimens of domesticated pre-Columbian
     barley were discovered by archeologist at a site near Phoenix,
     Arizona. There have been additional discoveries made since that
     first one. It is a North American domesticated grain crop that
     previously had not been identified that dates back to 2000 years
     ago.

Lessons from this? This does not prove the Book of Mormon true. These
are pieces of evidence that can be discussed.

Lessons to learn?
  1. We need to be patient. Things change, new discoveries are made.
  2. We need to be realistic. There may be questions we don't have
     answers to. But we need to keep looking.
  3. Ask yourself: "What do I know?" It would be foolish to throw away
     everything that you know because of some item that you don't
     know, or questions that you have. A lot of questions that we
     have, we may never know. But think what would have happened if
     you had decided to leave the Church in 1975 over the barley
     question. All reliable scholars at that time said there was no
     evidence of pre-Columbian barley in America. Five years later
     they discovered it. Wouldn't it have to been tragic if I had left
     the Church over it?

There was no archeological evidence of lions in the Bible until 1982.
Sometimes the archeological evidences haven't caught up with literary
sources.

If you would like to order this talk on an audio CD, visit this page:

     http://www.fairlds.org/pubs/

The presentation will be available on video and through printed
transcripts in the near future.


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CHRISTMAS SALE AT THE FAIR BOOKSTORE

To allow people to do their Christmas shopping we have waived all
shipping costs on the FAIR bookstore. This limited time offer should
allow you to purchase Barry Bickmore's book, Restoring the Ancient
Church, or the complete set of They Lie in Wait to Deceive by Robert
and Rosemary Brown. We have other books and audio CDs also available.

     http://store.fairlds.org


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DO LATTER-DAY SAINTS BELIEVE JESUS AND SATAN ARE BROTHERS?

Professional critics of the Church of Jesus Christ often accuse
members of the church of believing that Jesus and Satan are brothers.
This assertion is usually made in an accusatory tone and accompanied
by the unspoken question, "How could they believe such a heresy?" In
this thoughtful, insightful article, author Michael Hickenbotham
explains the true nature of this distinctive LDS belief, explores its
scriptural and historical foundations, and demonstrates how modern
Christianity has abandoned this doctrine which was generally accepted
as orthodox teachings among the ancient Jews and early Christians.

You can download this paper for free at the FAIR Web site:

     http://www.fairlds.org/pubs/


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IS MORMONISM A CULT?

The Church of Jesus Christ is often labeled by its detractors as a
"cult," hoping to paint the Church with the dark implications of the
word and trying to equate the Church of Jesus Christ with groups like
Heaven's Gate, the Branch Davidians, Jim Jones and other religious
splinter groups that have relied on extreme proselyting techniques to
gain and hold members. In this article by Kim Siever, the author
explores the question of what constitutes a cult and how the Church of
Jesus Christ and modern, mainstream Christianity compare and contrast
to the definition.

You can download this paper for free at the FAIR Web site:

     http://www.fairlds.org/pubs/


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ARTICLE SUBMISSIONS

We welcome article submissions for the FAIR Web site. If you would
like to submit an article, please review the editing guidelines at:

     http://www.fairlds.org/EdStyle.pdf

Submit your article to the FAIR Journal Editor. An appropriate
article would be one that affirms the truthfulness of the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

While LDS apologetics (in the broadest sense) deals with refuting
critics of the Church, articles don't necessarily have to deal with
anti-Mormonism, but may deal with some new evidence of the Book of
Mormon, some interesting scripture interpretation, a viewpoint or
quote from the early Christian Fathers or other historical figure,
an interesting lesson idea, an inspiring missionary story, Church
history, or your view on a current event related to the Church or a
piece from a historical journal.

We may also accept articles from people who are not members of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that may not necessarily
meet the guidelines of supporting the Church if it is a topic of
general interest to people involved in apologetics.

A submission may range in length from several pages to a single
paragraph. 


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PUBLISHING NOTES

FAIR is not owned, controlled by or affiliated with the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All research and opinions provided
in the FAIR Journal and on the FAIR Web site (http://www.fairlds.org)
are the sole responsibility of FAIR, and should not be interpreted as
official statements of LDS doctrine, belief or practice.

If someone has forwarded this e-journal to you and you would like to
join you should go to www.fairlds.org and click on the Membership
link.

If you are very interested in apologetics and would like to actively
participate in FAIR you should consider joining our apologetics e-mail
list. Visit www.fairlds.org and click on the Membership link to join
this list as well.

If you manage your own e-mail list, and wish to include some of these
thoughts or articles on your list, contact us through our Web site, at
this page: www.fairlds.org/contact.psp. We have a fairly liberal policy of using our
material so long as you contact us first to gain permission and
clearly identify that your source was FAIR.

If you would like to sign up to receive the FAIR Journal automatically, click here.

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FAIR is not owned, controlled by or affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All research and opinions provided on this site are the sole responsibility of FAIR, and should not be interpreted as official statements of LDS doctrine, belief or practice.

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